Obesity isn’t just about weight — it’s a complex health condition that can affect nearly every system in the body. While no two people experience it the same way, carrying excess body fat over time can increase the risk of developing a number of chronic health issues.
Some of these conditions are well-known, like type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Others are less obvious, such as sleep apnea, joint pain, and certain types of cancer. Together, they can create a web of health challenges that impact energy, mobility, mood, and overall quality of life.
This list outlines 20 common ailments that are more likely to occur in people living with obesity, not to shame or alarm — but to inform, empower, and support anyone seeking to understand their body better. With awareness comes the ability to take steps toward better health.
- Type 2 Diabetes
Higher body fat can lead to insulin resistance and blood sugar dysregulation. -
Heart Disease
Obesity increases risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and atherosclerosis. -
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Extra weight puts more strain on the heart and blood vessels. -
Stroke
Due to increased risk of blood clots and narrowed arteries. -
Sleep Apnea
Fat deposits around the neck can obstruct the airway during sleep. -
Osteoarthritis
Added weight puts extra pressure on joints, especially knees and hips. -
Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Fat buildup in the liver not related to alcohol use, which can lead to inflammation. -
Gallstones
Obesity increases cholesterol levels in bile, which can form stones. -
Certain Cancers
Higher risk of cancers such as breast, colon, endometrial, kidney, and esophageal. -
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Abdominal fat can increase pressure on the stomach, pushing acid upward. -
Depression & Anxiety
Linked both biologically (inflammation, hormones) and socially (stigma, isolation). -
Infertility or Hormonal Imbalances
Particularly in women, obesity can disrupt estrogen and insulin levels. -
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Obesity worsens hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance in PCOS. -
Chronic Back Pain
Extra weight strains the spine and lower back muscles. -
Incontinence
Increased pressure on the bladder can lead to stress urinary incontinence. -
Gout
Obesity raises uric acid levels, increasing risk of painful joint flare-ups. -
Asthma or Breathing Difficulties
Fat around the chest and abdomen can reduce lung capacity. -
Skin Conditions
Including fungal infections, rashes, and intertrigo in skin folds. -
Venous Insufficiency & Varicose Veins
Extra weight can impair blood return from the legs to the heart. -
Reduced Immune Function
Chronic inflammation from excess fat may weaken immune responses.
